Explore the Course Development Process

Online Asynchronous Course Design

Learning Experience

The first step in designing an online asynchronous course is to focus on the Learning Experience. Unlike in-person courses, asynchronous learning requires careful planning to ensure students stay engaged and motivated while working independently. Since students don’t have the benefit of real-time interaction with the instructor or their peers, the design of the course must encourage self-directed learning while still providing opportunities for reflection and collaboration.

In an asynchronous setting, instructors should consider:

  • How can students engage actively with the material on their own time, while ensuring that they remain on track toward meeting the learning objectives?

  • What opportunities for collaboration and feedback can be created in an environment where real-time interaction is not possible?

  • How will the course structure support students’ ability to learn independently, while also providing them with a sense of progress and connection to the course?

By designing a flexible yet structured learning experience, instructors can ensure that students stay engaged with the course content and interact meaningfully with their peers, even in an asynchronous format. The following reflective questions will help guide your course design, ensuring that engagement, collaboration, and self-directed learning remain at the center of the student experience.

Designing an Engaging Online Asynchronous Learning Experience

Engagement & Motivation

  • How will you design learning tasks that encourage students to actively engage rather than passively consume content?

  • What types of real-world examples, case studies, or problem-based learning activities can help students apply course concepts in meaningful ways?

  • How might low-stakes formative assessments (quizzes, reflection prompts, polls) help students check their understanding and stay engaged throughout the course?

Creating Clear Learning Pathways

  • How will the course structure guide students through a progressive learning experience that builds on previous knowledge?

  • How can you balance independent exploration with structured guidance, ensuring students stay on track without overwhelming them?

  • What opportunities might students have for self-assessment or peer feedback, allowing them to monitor their progress and refine their learning strategies?

Integrating Feedback & Reflection

  • How will you create checkpoints for students to assess their understanding before moving on to more complex material?

  • What strategies might you use to encourage meaningful reflection, such as end-of-module summaries or self-directed learning plans?

  • How can reflection activities help students connect course content to their personal experiences, future coursework, or professional goals?

Fostering Collaborative Learning

  • How will you create asynchronous opportunities for students to interact, share ideas, and provide feedback?

  • What role can discussion forums, peer reviews, or group assignments play in promoting critical thinking and engagement?

  • How might you structure discussions or collaborative tasks to ensure deeper dialogue and meaningful peer interactions rather than surface-level participation?

Course Map

In an asynchronous environment, it’s crucial to plan for clear, organized structures and self-directed learning. Unlike some modes of delivery, where immediate feedback and real-time interaction occur, asynchronous courses rely on well-structured resources, clear instructions, and interactive tasks that guide students at their own pace. Your course map should outline how your students will progress through the material, engage with the content, and demonstrate their learning without the need for constant instructor presence.

While certain foundational elements of a course map remain consistent across all delivery modes, Sections 4-7 require specific considerations based on the instructional format.

Key Elements for Creating an Asynchronous Course Map

1. Weekly Course Schedule

  • Timeline: establish a chronological structure for your course. This structure is typically organized by week for the duration of the term. A structured schedule ensures that all elements—content, activities, and assessments—are covered systematically.

2. Module Names and Titles

  • Outline the main themes or topics for each module. These titles should be short, clear, and descriptive, providing a quick reference for each section of the course.

3. Course-Level Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

  • These are typically found on your course outline. Check with your Academic Dean before making any changes to them.

  • Include your CLOs on your Course Map for quick reference, as they guide all decisions that follow.

4. Module-Level Learning Outcomes (MLOs)

  • Design MLOs that encourage students to immediately apply the concepts they learn in each module through activities such as discussion boards, written assignments, or quizzes that require critical thinking. Ensure these outcomes are directly tied to real-world scenarios or practical applications. Consider how you can leverage technology (e.g., interactive simulations, multimedia, or peer review tools) to help facilitate immediate learning and provide opportunities for feedback.

  • Include outcomes that help foster collaboration, even in an asynchronous environment, such as peer feedback or group discussions. These activities should foster active engagement and allow students to co-construct knowledge, share insights, and deepen their understanding through interaction with their peers.

5. Learning Activities

  • Design engaging, high-quality asynchronous activities that foster interaction both with course content and peers. This could include interactive case studies, problem-solving tasks, and peer-driven discussions, where students collaboratively explore and apply concepts. Consider using video responses or discussion prompts that require students to analyze material and engage in meaningful peer feedback. The goal is to create a learning community where students don’t just passively consume content but actively build and share their knowledge.

  • In addition to instructor feedback, think about ways to design actionable feedback using automated tools like quizzes or other ‘canned’ approaches. Also look for ways to incorporate feedback loops where students can review their responses, identify mistakes, and reflect on improvements. This can be supported with tools like rubrics or self-assessment checklists that guide students in formatively evaluating their progress.

  • Consider how to incorporate opportunities for students to assess their own progress through activities like self-check quizzes, reflection exercises, or progress trackers that allow students to evaluate their understanding regularly and adjust their learning strategies.

  • Design activities that not only encourage peer collaboration (e.g., group projects or peer reviews) but also ensure meaningful peer feedback. Students should be able to share insights and critiques, which can lead to deeper learning and reflection on their own work.

  • Where possible, create iterative assignments where students can submit drafts or update work over time, allowing for ongoing feedback and improvement. This encourages continuous engagement with the course material and helps students refine their understanding gradually.

6. Instructional Materials

  • Plan to develop materials that are clear, self-contained, and easy to navigate, since students won’t have the benefit of real-time instructor clarification. Each resource should be designed to stand alone, with clear instructions and guidance to help students understand the content without requiring immediate instructor support.

  • Plan for a mix of text-based materials (e.g., readings, articles, book chapters) and multimedia resources (e.g., videos, podcasts, infographics) to cater to different learning preferences and provide students with varied ways to engage with the content.

  • Ensure materials reflect real-world applications and are connected to the practical, hands-on elements of the course. This could include case studies, industry reports, or tools that are relevant to students’ future careers.

  • Consider how easily students can access and navigate materials. Centralizing resources on your LMS (e.g., SLATE) and using clear labeling helps ensure that materials are easy to find and use.

  • When selecting resources, it’s important to prioritize long-term stability by choosing credible and reliable sources that are likely to remain consistent over time. While it’s not the designer’s responsibility to continuously monitor resources, careful consideration should be given to the reliability of the digital platforms and the longevity of the resources, ensuring that they will remain accessible and accurate throughout the course.

7. Assessments

Quizzes and Tests

  • Design higher-order questions (application, analysis, evaluation) to assess understanding rather than recall, ensuring students engage critically with the material.

  • Use randomized question banks and one-question-at-a-time settings to minimize answer sharing.

  • Set appropriate time limits to balance flexibility with academic integrity.

  • When needed, implement Respondus LockDown Browser and monitoring software to create a controlled testing environment, recognizing that technology alone cannot replace well-structured assessments.

Written Assignments

  • Break complex assignments into smaller milestones (e.g., proposal, draft, peer review) to provide structure in a self-paced setting.

  • Use structured rubrics and model responses to clarify expectations without real-time instructor guidance.

  • Incorporate discussion boards or peer review tools to create interaction and accountability in an otherwise independent process.

  • Offer alternative submission formats (e.g., video reflections, digital presentations) to allow students to demonstrate learning in multiple ways.

Project-Based Assessments

  • Plan project-based assignments that challenge students to delve deeply into a topic, conduct independent research, and apply critical thinking. In an asynchronous setting, assignments must be well-structured and self-explanatory to allow students to work independently. Ensure that the project includes clear, step-by-step instructions for each phase, including deliverables, deadlines, and evaluation criteria, so that students can progress without needing real-time interaction with the instructor.

Video/Multimedia Presentations

  • Ask students to create video presentations where they summarize key aspects of their learning or apply concepts to a case study or real-world situation. This allows students to demonstrate both their understanding and communication skills.

Scenario-Based Assessments

  • Design assessments around real-life scenarios where students must apply the knowledge gained throughout the course. In asynchronous settings, these scenarios should be carefully crafted to allow for independent problem-solving and self-paced learning. Provide clear instructions and structured guidance to ensure students can approach the scenario step by step without needing real-time clarification.

Content Development

In an online asynchronous course, the focus is on creating content that is engaging, accessible, and self-paced. Since students are working independently, content must be designed to foster active learning, support self-directed exploration, and help students stay on track toward achieving the learning objectives. This stage focuses on curating content and materials that ensure students are provided with a meaningful learning experience, despite not having real-time instructor interaction.

Strategies to Optimize Online Asynchronous Content

Engaging and Interactive Learning Materials

  • Ensure students actively engage with the material by incorporating a variety of content types such as videos, readings, and interactive simulations. These materials should challenge students to apply the concepts learned and engage critically with the content.

Diverse Formats for Content Delivery

  • Use varied formats to meet diverse learning needs and increase engagement. Combine text-based resources with multimedia to provide multiple pathways for students to engage with the content.

Real-World Relevance

  • Design content that connects learning to real-world applications, making it more meaningful and motivating for students. Show them how the course material applies to their field of study or future career paths.

Accessibility

  • Ensure course content is accessible to all students by making it easy to navigate, clear, and designed to accommodate different learning needs. Consider elements such as readability, alternative formats, and intuitive organization. For guidance on accessibility best practices, consult SPARK.Organizing Content for Self-Paced Learning

  • Break the content into manageable modules and provide students with clear learning objectives for each. Ensure that each module builds on the previous one in a way that facilitates gradual learning and avoids overwhelming students.

Assessment Design

In asynchronous learning, assessments should capitalize on the flexibility and self-paced nature of the format, allowing students to engage deeply with course material, reflect on their learning, and apply knowledge in meaningful ways. Without real-time interaction, assessments must be designed to encourage independent critical thinking, problem-solving, and real-world application rather than passive content recall. The asynchronous format provides students with the time to construct well-reasoned responses, synthesize information, and demonstrate mastery through authentic assessments like case studies, project-based tasks, and reflective assignments. By leveraging these strengths, instructors can create assessments that foster engagement, deepen learning, and ensure students develop skills relevant beyond the classroom.

Strategies to Optimize Online Asynchronous Assessment

Timed Assessments with Application-Based Questions

Broad Strategy: Application-focused timed assessments

Specific Examples:

  • Essay Questions: Require students to defend a position using course materials and personal insights within a finite amount of time (e.g., 1-minute reflection or 30-minute formal essay/report).

Research Projects or Case Studies

Broad Strategy: Synthesis through project-based tasks

Specific Examples:

  • Case Study Analysis: Provide a real-world case requiring students to analyze, apply theoretical knowledge, and propose a well-justified solution.

  • Student-Generated Cases: Have students create a case that aligns with course outcomes,

Alternative Format Submissions

Broad Strategy: Demonstrate understanding through diverse formats

Specific Examples:

  • Multimedia Submissions: Allow students to demonstrate their learning through various formats (e.g., audio, infographics, digital storytelling) to showcase their understanding beyond traditional essays and reports.

Scenario-Based or Problem-Solving Assessments

Broad Strategy: Independent application in real-life scenarios

Specific Examples:

  • Case-Based Decision Pathways: Present branching case scenarios where student decisions impact outcomes, followed by a written reflection justifying their choices and considering alternative approaches.

Resource Compilation & Ongoing Instructor Support

As we move forward with designing the course, it’s essential to consider how to provide instructors with the necessary resources and ongoing support to ensure the course runs smoothly and stays aligned with the course objectives. This phase focuses on curating high-quality resources, offering clear guidance for instructors, and ensuring that the course materials are easy to access and implement, especially in an asynchronous setting where immediate interaction is limited. By compiling resources and providing support, instructors can confidently facilitate the learning experience and ensure course quality over time.

Strategies for Resource Compilation & Support

Curate Digital Resources

  • You may wish to provide instructors with a set of curated digital resources that complement the main course content and support independent learning. These resources should encourage students to engage with the material at their own pace, while still aligning with the learning objectives and helping them meet course goals. Examples:

    • Upload curated external links, tutorials, and interactive exercises in the Instructor’s Resource Folder. These materials should vary in format (e.g., readings, videos, simulations, and other multi-media) to cater to different learning styles and enhance engagement.

Provide Guidelines for Asynchronous Activities

  • Consider documenting and sharing how support instructors might facilitate asynchronous learning activities, ensuring that students can engage meaningfully with the content and each other, even without real-time interaction. These guidelines should help instructors moderate and guide student activity while promoting active learning, collaboration, and independent thought. Examples:

    • Detailed instructions for instructors on how to facilitate discussion boards, such as tips for encouraging thoughtful contributions, promoting equitable participation, and providing clear grading criteria for online discussions.

    • Templates for peer review activities to help instructors guide students through the process of offering constructive feedback and fostering collaborative learning, ensuring students understand the expectations and how to give meaningful reviews.

    • Share a sample for what a weekly announcement post might look like to encourage ongoing instructor engagement.

    • If specific activities have unique characteristics, provide additional guidance for the instructor beyond what is in the content/instructions.

    • Instructor Support Materials - if your course uses a particular pedagogical approach, offer guides or video tutorials on the approach.

Online Asynchronous Course Development Resources

Learning Experience

Interacting Asynchronously - Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching

Designing High-Quality Online Courses Guide - Open Sheridan (you will need to register with Open Sheridan to access the guide - here are instructions for doing so.)

Universal Design - Best Practices for Online Learning - University of Guelph

Course Map

Course Map Guide - The Online Course Mapping Guide

Course Map Template - SPARK, Sheridan College

Content Development

Developing and Delivering Online Course Content - University of Waterloo Centre for Teaching Excellence

Sheridan Multimedia Production Guide - Open Sheridan (you will need to register with Open Sheridan to access the guide - here are instructions for doing so.)

Assessment Design

Types of Assessment - University of Calgary

Rethinking Assessment Strategies for Online Learning - Seneca/Durham/Algonquin/uOttawa

Supporting Assessment in Online Environments - Stanford Graduate School of Education